Plympton Priory owned land at Sutton and secured a charter from Henry III in 1254 granting the priory the right to hold a weekly market and annual fair at Sutton, making it a market town. The name Plym Mouth, meaning "mouth of the River Plym" was first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211. At the time this village was called Sutton, meaning south town in Old English. (See Plympton for the derivation of the name Plym.) As the river silted up in the early 11th century, mariners and merchants were forced to settle downriver, at the current day Barbican near the river mouth. The settlement of Plympton, further up the River Plym than the current Plymouth, was also an early trading port. An ancient promontory fort was located at Rame Head at the mouth of Plymouth Sound with ancient hillforts located at Lyneham Warren to the east, Boringdon Camp and Maristow Camp to the north. An unidentified settlement named TAMARI OSTIA (mouth/estuaries of the Tamar) is listed in Ptolemy's Geographia and is presumed to be located in the area of the modern city. Upper Palaeolithic deposits, including bones of Homo sapiens, have been found in local caves, and artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten, showing that it was one of few principal trading ports of pre-Roman Britannia dominating continental trade with Armorica. See also: Timeline of Plymouth Early history Plymouth is categorized as a Small-Port City using the Southampton System for port-city classification. It has the largest operational naval base in Western Europe, HMNB Devonport, and is home to the University of Plymouth. It has ferry links to Brittany ( Roscoff and St Malo) and to Spain ( Santander). Plymouth's economy remains strongly influenced by shipbuilding and seafaring but has tended toward a service economy since the 1990s. It is governed locally by Plymouth City Council and is represented nationally by two MPs. The city is home to 264,727 (2021) people, making it the 30th-most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom and the second-largest city in the South West, after Bristol. Subsequent expansion led to the incorporation of Plympton, Plymstock, and other outlying suburbs, in 1967. After the war, the city centre was completely rebuilt. Plymouth was awarded city status in 1928.ĭuring World War II, due to the city's naval importance, the German military targeted and partially destroyed the city by bombing, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. In 1914 Devonport and the neighbouring town of East Stonehouse were absorbed into the borough of Plymouth. From 1690 onwards a new dock for the Royal Navy was built on the banks of the River Tamar, 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Plymouth, around which grew a town called "Plymouth Dock", renamed Devonport in 1824. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, and exporting local minerals ( tin, copper, lime, china clay and arsenic). During the English Civil War, the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 16. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers departed Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony, the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. In 1588, an English fleet based in Plymouth intercepted and defeated the Spanish Armada. As Sutton grew it also became known as Plymouth, with the change of name being formalised in 1439 when it was made a borough. Sutton was granted a charter making it a market town in 1254. By the ninth century Mount Batten had been surpassed by the village of Sutton on the opposite side of the mouth of the River Plym. Plymouth's early history extends to the Bronze Age when a settlement emerged at Mount Batten, which was a trading post for the Roman Empire. It is bordered by Cornwall to the west and southwest. It is located on the south coast of Devon, approximately 36 miles (58 km) southwest of Exeter and 193 miles (311 km) southwest of London. Plymouth ( / ˈ p l ɪ m ə θ/ ⓘ) is a port city and unitary authority in Devon, South West England.
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